Irregular verbs
source: www.englishpages.com
What are irregular verbs?
Regular verbs have ed at the end of the simple past and past participle forms:
Base verb + ed Examples of regular verbs:
Infinitive Simple past Past participle play played played visit visited visited work worked worked In contrast to the above examples of regular verbs, irregular verbs are verbs which the above pattern of conjugation don't apply.
Irregular verbs
Irregular verb forms can not be predicted, that's why you should learn them by heart. The best way to deal with them is as follows:
- Use them in appropriate contexts (in your writing or in your conversation)
- Write down examples in your exercise book.
- Always keep a list of irregular verbs at your disposal. (Note that most language books include a section at the end for irregular verbs.)
A list of irregular verbs
Infinitive | Simple Past Tense | Past Participle |
---|---|---|
awake | awoke | awoken |
be | was, were | been |
bear | bore | born |
beat | beat | beat |
become | became | become |
begin | began | begun |
bend | bent | bent |
beset | beset | beset |
bet | bet | bet |
bid | bid/bade | bid/bidden |
bind | bound | bound |
bite | bit | bitten |
bleed | bled | bled |
blow | blew | blown |
break | broke | broken |
breed | bred | bred |
bring | brought | brought |
broadcast | broadcast | broadcast |
build | built | built |
burn | burned/burnt | burned/burnt |
burst | burst | burst |
buy | bought | bought |
cast | cast | cast |
catch | caught | caught |
choose | chose | chosen |
cling | clung | clung |
come | came | come |
cost | cost | cost |
creep | crept | crept |
cut | cut | cut |
deal | dealt | dealt |
dig | dug | dug |
dive | dived/dove | dived |
do | did | done |
draw | drew | drawn |
dream | dreamed/dreamt | dreamed/dreamt |
drive | drove | driven |
drink | drank | drunk |
eat | ate | eaten |
fall | fell | fallen |
feed | fed | fed |
feel | felt | felt |
fight | fought | fought |
find | found | found |
fit | fit | fit |
flee | fled | fled |
fling | flung | flung |
fly | flew | flown |
forbid | forbade | forbidden |
forget | forgot | forgotten |
forego (forgo) | forewent | foregone |
forgive | forgave | forgiven |
forsake | forsook | forsaken |
freeze | froze | frozen |
get | got | gotten |
give | gave | given |
go | went | gone |
grind | ground | ground |
grow | grew | grown |
hang | hung | hung |
hear | heard | heard |
hide | hid | hidden |
hit | hit | hit |
hold | held | held |
hurt | hurt | hurt |
keep | kept | kept |
kneel | knelt | knelt |
knit | knit | knit |
know | knew | know |
lay | laid | laid |
lead | led | led |
leap | leaped/leapt | leaped/leapt |
learn | learned/learnt | learned/learnt |
leave | left | left |
lend | lent | lent |
let | let | let |
lie | lay | lain |
light | lighted/lit | lighted |
lose | lost | lost |
make | made | made |
mean | meant | meant |
meet | met | met |
misspell | misspelled/misspelt | misspelled/misspelt |
mistake | mistook | mistaken |
mow | mowed | mowed/mown |
overcome | overcame | overcome |
overdo | overdid | overdone |
overtake | overtook | overtaken |
overthrow | overthrew | overthrown |
pay | paid | paid |
plead | pled | pled |
prove | proved | proved/proven |
put | put | put |
quit | quit | quit |
read | read | read |
rid | rid | rid |
ride | rode | ridden |
ring | rang | rung |
rise | rose | risen |
run | ran | run |
saw | sawed | sawed/sawn |
say | said | said |
see | saw | seen |
seek | sought | sought |
sell | sold | sold |
send | sent | sent |
set | set | set |
sew | sewed | sewed/sewn |
shake | shook | shaken |
shave | shaved | shaved/shaven |
shear | shore | shorn |
shed | shed | shed |
shine | shone | shone |
shoe | shoed | shoed/shod |
shoot | shot | shot |
show | showed | showed/shown |
shrink | shrank | shrunk |
shut | shut | shut |
sing | sang | sung |
sink | sank | sunk |
sit | sat | sat |
sleep | slept | slept |
slay | slew | slain |
slide | slid | slid |
sling | slung | slung |
slit | slit | slit |
smite | smote | smitten |
sow | sowed | sowed/sown |
speak | spoke | spoken |
speed | sped | sped |
spend | spent | spent |
spill | spilled/spilt | spilled/spilt |
spin | spun | spun |
spit | spit/spat | spit |
split | split | split |
spread | spread | spread |
spring | sprang/sprung | sprung |
stand | stood | stood |
steal | stole | stolen |
stick | stuck | stuck |
sting | stung | stung |
stink | stank | stunk |
stride | strod | stridden |
strike | struck | struck |
string | strung | strung |
strive | strove | striven |
swear | swore | sworn |
sweep | swept | swept |
swell | swelled | swelled/swollen |
swim | swam | swum |
swing | swung | swung |
take | took | taken |
teach | taught | taught |
tear | tore | torn |
tell | told | told |
think | thought | thought |
thrive | thrived/throve | thrived |
throw | threw | thrown |
thrust | thrust | thrust |
tread | trod | trodden |
understand | understood | understood |
uphold | upheld | upheld |
upset | upset | upset |
wake | woke | woken |
wear | wore | worn |
weave | weaved/wove | weaved/woven |
wed | wed | wed |
weep | wept | wept |
wind | wound | wound |
win | won | won |
withhold | withheld | withheld |
withstand | withstood | withstood |
wring | wrung | wrung |
write | wrote | written |